Neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: the sooner the better?

Recently, Forde et al. reported in the New England Journal of Medicine a pilot study in which two neoadjuvant doses of the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab were administered in a preoperative fashion to 21 patients with untreated, surgically resectable early (stage I–IIIA) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1). Surgery was performed 4 weeks after the first dose of nivolumab.