Prognostic nomogram for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer in the immunotherapy era: a multicenter study of first-line platinum-etoposide with or without a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor

In the immunotherapy era, most patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) still experience early progression, whereas only a minority derive more durable benefit. Most existing prognostic models were developed primarily with chemotherapy-treated cohorts and have not been adequately validated in patients receiving first-line chemoimmunotherapy. We aimed to develop and internally validate a robust nomogram integrating metastatic topography and inflammatory biomarkers to improve baseline risk stratification in contemporary ES-SCLC.